diff --git a/report.pdf b/report.pdf index bd91c3f..c14a0cd 100644 Binary files a/report.pdf and b/report.pdf differ diff --git a/report.typ b/report.typ index 4359837..902838e 100644 --- a/report.typ +++ b/report.typ @@ -18,17 +18,36 @@ justify: true, ) -#show par: set block(spacing: 2em) +#set heading(numbering: "1.") + +#set math.equation(numbering: it => { + locate(loc => { + let count = counter(heading).at(loc).last() + numbering("1.1", count, it) + }) +}) #show heading: it => { - underline(stroke: 0.05em, it) - v(0.3em) + let count = locate(loc => [ + #counter(heading).at(loc).last() + #text(")") +]) + set text(size: 16pt) + block()[ + #count + #underline(it.body) + ] + v(0.5em) +} + +#show figure.caption: it => { + set par(leading: 0.8em) + it } #metro-setup(inter-unit-product: $dot.c$) - #box(height: 100%, width: 100%)[ #set align(horizon + center) #set par(leading: 1em) @@ -57,18 +76,21 @@ The masses of both weights can be measured and the forces can be calculated from By varying the weights and measuring acceleration, the relationship between forces and acceleration can be calculated. -= Theory - #grid( columns: (50%, 50%), rows: (auto), - box(width: 100%)[An Atwood machine consists of two weights ($m_1$ and $m_2$) connected by a string ($S$). + box(width: 100%)[ + += T#h(0.02em)heory + An Atwood machine consists of two weights ($m_1$ and $m_2$) connected by a string ($S$). The string is placed on a wheel that allows the weights to move up and down. - The system can be modeled with the two free body diagrams:], + The system can be modeled with the two free body diagrams: + ], figure( image("./001.png", width: 80%), - ) + caption: [A model of the Atwood machine used in the procedure] ) +) #grid( columns: (50%, 50%), @@ -110,53 +132,52 @@ By varying the weights and measuring acceleration, the relationship between forc The sum of forces in the y direction for each weight can be found by adding the two forces in each diagram. Since these are the only forces acting on the weights -$ sum F_(y,m_1) = F^T_(S,m_1) + F^G_(g,m_1) $ -$ sum F_(y,m_1) = F^T_(S,m_1) + F^G_(g,m_1) $ +$ sum F_(y,m_1) = F^T_(S,m_1) + F^G_(g,m_1) $ +$ sum F_(y,m_1) = F^T_(S,m_1) + F^G_(g,m_1) $ Taking the downward direction to be positive, $F^G_(g,m_1)$ and $F^G_(g,m_2)$ can be found with the equation t -$ F = m a $ -$ F^G_(g,m_1) = m_1 g $ -$ F^G_(g,m_2) = m_2 g $ +$ F = m a $ +$ F^G_(g,m_1) = m_1 g $ +$ F^G_(g,m_2) = m_2 g $ Assuming that the string is not stretching, $m_1$ and $m_2$ are each exerting equal forces on each of the weights -$ F^T_(S,m_1) = F^T_(S,m_2) = F^T $ +$ F^T_(S,m_1) = F^T_(S,m_2) = F^T $ Since the rope is not stretching, the objects are accelerating with the same magnitude but in opposite directions. Using this fact, -the values for $F^G$ and $F^T$ found previously, +the values found in @eq-4, @eq-5, and @eq-6, and that $sum F_y = m a_y$ the equations can be simplified to: -$ m_1 a = F^T + m_1 g $ -$ -m_2 a = F^T + m_2 g $ +$ m_1 a = F^T + m_1 g $ +$ -m_2 a = F^T + m_2 g $ The first equation can now be solved for $F^T$ and can be plugged into the second equation -$ F^T = m_1 a - m_1 g $ -$ -m_2 a = m_2 g - (m_1 a - m_1 g) $ -$ -m_2 a = m_2 g - m_1 a + m_1 g $ +$ F^T = m_1 a - m_1 g $ +$ -m_2 a = m_2 g - (m_1 a - m_1 g) $ +$ -m_2 a = m_2 g - m_1 a + m_1 g $ -Isolating $a$ then gives us an equation for acceleration in terms of $m_1$ and $m_2$ +Isolating $a$ then gives an equation for acceleration in terms of $m_1$ and $m_2$ -$ m_1 a - m_2 a = m_2 g + m_1 g $ -$ a = (m_2 g + m_1 g)/(m_1 - m_2) $ +$ m_1 a - m_2 a = m_2 g + m_1 g $ +$ a = (m_2 g + m_1 g)/(m_1 - m_2) $ Pulling $g$ out of the right side of the equation gives -$ a = g ((m_2 + m_1)/(m_1 - m_2)) $ +$ a = g ((m_2 + m_1)/(m_1 - m_2)) $ Using $M$ to represent $(m_2 + m_1)/(m_1 - m_2)$, the equation used for this procedure is found: -$ a = g M $ +$ a = g M $ = Procedure - An Atwood Machine was created by suspending a string from a wheel attached to a lab support. A photogate so that it was blocked multiple times while the wheel spun. On each end of the string, weights were attached of varying masses. @@ -178,8 +199,6 @@ any equipment due to the increased acceleration. #align(center)[ #box(width: 85%)[ - #set par(leading: 0.5em) - #figure( caption: [A table containing all of the values collected during the experiment] )[ @@ -210,19 +229,19 @@ any equipment due to the increased acceleration. ] ] -= Data Analysis += Data Analysis Since the function should yield a linear function with slope $g$, an experimental value for $g$ can be found by finding the line of best fit of the function. -$ g_"experimental" = 9.13 unit(meter/(second^2)) $ +$ g_"experimental" = 9.13 unit(meter/(second^2)) $ Comparing the calculated $g$ to the accepted $g = 9.81 unit(meter/(second^2))$ the percent deviation can be calculated -$ "% deviation" = abs((T - E)/T) dot 100 $ -$ "% deviation" = abs((9.81 - 9.13)/9.81) dot 100 $ -$ "% deviation" = 6.9% $ +$ "% deviation" = abs((T - E)/T) dot 100 $ +$ "% deviation" = abs((9.81 - 9.13)/9.81) dot 100 $ +$ "% deviation" = 6.9% $ This error is somewhat high but is still a decent result. The two dominant errors causing this error are systematic and random error. @@ -243,8 +262,8 @@ minor source of error in the experiment. Both errors included here are somewhat difficult to reduce given that they would require upgraded or new equipment. However, the influence of the random error could be reduced by performing more trials. -= Conclusion += Conclusion An Atwood Machine can be a good method for determining acceleration due to gravity. Although experimental errors caused a rather large error of 6.9%, it is still a relatively good approximation. The results could likely be improved by running more trials to